内存错误检查

AddressSanitizer（ASan）

下面日志中的 heap-buffer-overflow 是堆缓冲区越界写，不是内存泄漏。ASan 主要检测越界、释放后使用等错误；泄漏检测由 LeakSanitizer 提供，在部分平台可与 ASan 集成。

g++ -fsanitize=address -o test_asan memory.cpp  -g

plh@plh-virtual-machine:~/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List$ ./test_asan 
=================================================================
==12293==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x602000000018 at pc 0x5578e1a712ff bp 0x7ffe0f40ead0 sp 0x7ffe0f40eac0
WRITE of size 4 at 0x602000000018 thread T0
    #0 0x5578e1a712fe in func() /home/plh/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List/memory.cpp:6
    #1 0x5578e1a71314 in main /home/plh/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List/memory.cpp:11
    #2 0x7fdbb00f2082 in __libc_start_main ../csu/libc-start.c:308
    #3 0x5578e1a711ad in _start (/home/plh/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List/test_asan+0x11ad)

0x602000000018 is located 4 bytes to the right of 4-byte region [0x602000000010,0x602000000014)
allocated by thread T0 here:
    #0 0x7fdbb071b587 in operator new(unsigned long) ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_new_delete.cc:104
    #1 0x5578e1a7127e in func() /home/plh/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List/memory.cpp:5
    #2 0x5578e1a71314 in main /home/plh/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List/memory.cpp:11
    #3 0x7fdbb00f2082 in __libc_start_main ../csu/libc-start.c:308

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow /home/plh/work/MyProject/c++/plh/DataStructrues/1.linear_List/memory.cpp:6 in func()
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
  0x0c047fff7fb0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7fc0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7fd0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7fe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7ff0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
=>0x0c047fff8000: fa fa 04[fa]fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8010: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8020: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8030: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8040: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8050: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
  Addressable:           00
  Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 
  Heap left redzone:       fa
  Freed heap region:       fd
  Stack left redzone:      f1
  Stack mid redzone:       f2
  Stack right redzone:     f3
  Stack after return:      f5
  Stack use after scope:   f8
  Global redzone:          f9
  Global init order:       f6
  Poisoned by user:        f7
  Container overflow:      fc
  Array cookie:            ac
  Intra object redzone:    bb
  ASan internal:           fe
  Left alloca redzone:     ca
  Right alloca redzone:    cb
  Shadow gap:              cc
==12293==ABORTING